Depression Medicines


by webmd.com

Not only does it take time to get an accurate depression diagnosis, finding the right medication to treat depression can be a complicated, delicate process. Someone may have a serious medical problem, such as heart disease or liver or kidney disease, that could make some antidepressants unsafe. The antidepressant could be ineffective for you or the dose inadequate; there may not have been enough time to see an effect, or the side effects could be too bothersome - leading to a failure of treatment.

As you approach taking antidepressants to treat depression, it is important to keep these points in mind:

Only about 30% of people with depression go into full remission after taking their first course of antidepressants. That’s according to a 2006 study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Those who got better were more likely to be taking slightly higher doses for longer periods.

Some antidepressants work better for certain individuals than others. It's not uncommon to try different depression medicines during treatment.

Some people need more than one medicine for depression treatment.

Antidepressants carry a boxed warning about increased risk compared to placebo for suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults 18-24 years old.

Working with your doctor, you can weigh the risks and benefits of treatment and optimize the use of medication that best relieves your symptoms.

What is an antidepressant?

Antidepressants, sometimes in combination with psychotherapy, are often the first treatment people get for depression. If one antidepressant doesn't work well, you might try another drug of the same class or a different class of depression medicines altogether. Your doctor might also try changing the dose. In some cases, your doctor might recommend taking more than one medication for your depression.

What are the different types of antidepressants?

Here are the main types of antidepressants along with brand names:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were launched in the mid to late 1980s. This generation of antidepressants is now the most common class used for depression. Examples include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), and sertraline (Zoloft). Two newer medicines, classified as "serotonin modulators and stimulators" or SMS's (meaning they have some similar properties as SSRIs but also affect other brain receptors) are vilazodone (Viibryd) and vortioxetine (Brintellix) Side effects are generally mild, but can be bothersome in some people. They include nausea, stomach upset, sexual problems, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, weight change, and headaches.
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a newer type of antidepressant. This class includes venlafaxine (Effexor), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq and Khedezla), duloxetine (Cymbalta), and, levomilnacipran (Fetzima). Side effects include upset stomach, insomnia, sexual problems, anxiety, dizziness, and fatigue.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were some of the first medications used to treat depression. Examples are amitriptyline (Elavil), desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane), doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), protriptyline (Vivactil), and trimipramine (Surmontil). Side effects include stomach upset, dizziness, dry mouth, changes in blood pressure, changes in blood sugar levels, and nausea.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were among the earliest treatments for depression. The MAOIs block an enzyme, monoamine oxidase. Examples are phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate) , isocarboxazid (Marplan), and transdermal selegiline (the EMSAM skin patch). Although MAOIs work well, they're not prescribed very often because of the risk of serious interactions with some other medications and certain foods. Foods that can negatively react with the MAOIs include aged cheese and aged meats.
Other medications:
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Aplenzin) is a unique antidepressant that is thought to affect the brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine. Side effects are usually mild, including upset stomach, headache, insomnia, and anxiety. Bupropion may be less likely to cause sexual side effects than other antidepressants.
Mirtazapine (Remeron) is also a unique antidepressant that is thought to affect mainly serotonin and norepinephrine through different brain receptors than other medicines. It is usually taken at bedtime because it often causes drowsiness. Side effects are usually mild and include sleepiness, weight gain, elevated triglycerides, and dizziness.
Trazodone (Desyrel) is usually taken with food to reduce chance for stomach upset. Other side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth, and blurry vision.


Source: http://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/optimizing-depression-medicines


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Friday, May 15, 2026

Handling Sudden Allergy Symptoms When You Are Away From Home

Allergy symptoms are easier to manage when they follow a predictable pattern, but life does not always cooperate with that kind of routine. A meal at a restaurant, a visit to a friend with pets, or time in a dusty room can trigger sudden itching, sneezing, or swelling at inconvenient moments. When symptoms appear away from home, it helps to respond calmly and focus on the basics first. The most important step is identifying whether the reaction seems mild or potentially dangerous. Sneezing, itchy skin, watery eyes, and mild rash may be uncomfortable but can often be observed while you move away from the trigger. Trouble breathing, throat tightness, severe swelling, or dizziness are different matters and require urgent medical attention. Knowing that distinction is critical because not every allergic reaction should be handled with the same level of concern. When the reaction appears milder, reducing further exposure is usually the next practical step. Leaving the area, washing exposed skin, or changing clothing can limit continued contact with the irritant. If a food or product seems responsible, make a note of what it was and when symptoms began. Details that seem minor in the moment can become very useful later if the same problem happens again. Portable self care habits can also help. Keeping tissues, water, and a simple note of known triggers with you may sound basic, but those small preparations make it easier to respond quickly without panicking. Some people also carry an antihistamine option for mild symptoms during travel or long outings. If you want to learn more about one well known medicine in this category, reviewing reliable information in advance may help you ask better questions about when it makes sense to use it. After symptoms settle, it is worth thinking about prevention instead of treating the episode as bad luck. Restaurant questions, fragrance avoidance, attention to pet exposure, and awareness of seasonal triggers can all reduce the odds of another surprise reaction. If episodes are becoming more frequent, more severe, or less predictable, that pattern deserves medical review rather than repeated guesswork. It is also wise to remember that skin irritation, anxiety, and infections can sometimes be mistaken for allergies. Persistent or unusual symptoms should not be labeled too quickly without considering other explanations. People who want a better foundation for prevention and symptom response can review broader allergy information to understand common triggers and treatment approaches. A little preparation makes sudden symptoms easier to handle and can reduce the stress of being caught off guard in unfamiliar places.

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